Which of the following statements correctly defines Metabolic Alkalosis?

Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH level in the blood due to an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3-). This condition often arises when there is an excessive loss of hydrogen ions (which are acidic) or when there is an accumulation of bicarbonate, either from increased ingestion or production within the body. In this state, the body becomes less acidic, resulting in a higher pH.

The increase in bicarbonate contributes directly to the elevated pH, distinguishing metabolic alkalosis from other acid-base imbalances. Understanding the role of bicarbonate is crucial because it is a primary buffer in the blood that helps maintain a stable acid-base balance.

In contrast, low pH due to depleted bicarbonate refers to metabolic acidosis, where there is an increase in acidity due to bicarbonate loss rather than an excess. A focus on increased CO2 retention relates to respiratory issues that lead to respiratory acidosis, where CO2 levels rise and contribute to lower pH. Lastly, respiratory compensation is a mechanism that occurs when the lungs attempt to restore balance in response to metabolic disturbances, but it does not define the condition of metabolic alkalosis itself.