Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Pulmonary Embolism?

A recent surgery is a well-established risk factor for developing pulmonary embolism. Surgical procedures, particularly those involving the lower extremities or pelvis, can result in immobilization and damage to blood vessels, leading to increased clot formation—known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). If a clot breaks loose from the site of formation and travels to the pulmonary arteries, it can cause a pulmonary embolism, which may severely impact respiratory function and circulation.

In contrast, the other options do not typically contribute to the risk of pulmonary embolism. A high protein diet does not have a direct correlation with clot formation. Intense athletic training may actually promote better circulation and reduce the risk of clotting due to increased activity levels. Frequent hydration is beneficial in maintaining blood viscosity and circulation, potentially reducing the risk of clot development. Thus, recent surgery stands out as a significant risk factor for this condition.