Which condition results from acute inflammation of the pericardium?

Acute inflammation of the pericardium specifically results in a condition known as acute pericarditis. This condition is characterized by the sudden onset of inflammation in the pericardial sac, which can lead to chest pain, fever, and possibly a pericardial effusion. Acute pericarditis can be caused by various factors, including infections (viral, bacterial, fungal), autoimmune diseases, or post-myocardial infarction—referred to as Dressler's syndrome.

The other conditions listed relate to inflammation of different parts of the heart or surrounding structures. Chronic pericarditis indicates a long-term inflammation that differs in presentation and causes from the acute form. Myocarditis involves inflammation of the heart muscle itself, which can lead to complications like heart failure. Endocarditis refers to the inflammation of the heart valves or inner lining of the heart due to infection, typically caused by bacteria. Each of these conditions has distinct etiologies and symptoms that clearly differentiate them from acute pericarditis.