What is the primary risk factor for developing otitis externa?

The primary risk factor for developing otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is regular swimming. This condition arises when water remains trapped in the ear canal, creating a moist environment that is conducive to bacterial or fungal growth. Regular exposure to water, particularly in swimming pools, lakes, or oceans, can lead to such accumulation and irritation in the ear canal, increasing the likelihood of infection.

While cold weather, earwax accumulation, and the use of earbuds can contribute to ear health issues, they are not as directly linked to the development of otitis externa as swimming is. Cold weather does not promote the moist conditions required for this type of infection, earwax accumulation typically protects the ear canal, and although earbuds can occasionally irritate the ear canal, they do not create the same risk as prolonged water exposure does. Regular swimming is the most significant factor, as it directly influences the ear's exposure to moisture and potential pathogens.