What is the condition characterized by the placenta implanting directly over or near the cervix?

The condition characterized by the placenta implanting directly over or near the cervix is placenta previa. This condition can lead to complications during pregnancy and delivery, including bleeding that can be life-threatening for both the mother and baby. In cases of placenta previa, the placenta partially or totally obstructs the cervical opening, which can impede a vaginal delivery.

Patients diagnosed with this condition often require careful monitoring, and in some cases, a cesarean delivery may be necessary to ensure the safety of both mother and child. Understanding placenta previa is crucial for recognizing its implications on pregnancy management and potential interventions.

The other conditions listed do not involve the placement of the placenta in relation to the cervix. Placental abruption entails the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall before delivery, which is a different issue. Uterine inversion occurs when the uterus turns inside out after childbirth, a condition not related to placental placement. Hyperemesis gravidarum refers to a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and is unrelated to the location of the placenta.