What is a classic indicator of cardiac tamponade during inspiration?

Pulsus paradoxus is a classic indicator of cardiac tamponade, particularly during inspiration. This phenomenon is characterized by an exaggerated drop in blood pressure during inspiration. In cases of cardiac tamponade, fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac exerts pressure on the heart, particularly affecting diastolic filling. When a person inhales, intra-thoracic pressure decreases, which typically allows for increased venous return to the heart. However, in cardiac tamponade, this effect is compromised, leading to a decrease in stroke volume and blood pressure during inspiration.

The presence of pulsus paradoxus is significant as it reflects the hemodynamic abnormalities created by the condition. This vital sign can be assessed during a patient evaluation and serves as a critical indicator for paramedics and healthcare providers, guiding them toward further assessment and management of cardiac tamponade.

While other indicators like JVD (jugular venous distention), bradycardia, and hypotension may also be present in a patient with cardiac tamponade, pulsus paradoxus specifically relates to the respiratory cycle and is commonly cited as a classic sign of this condition.