What condition is characterized by the accumulation of nitrogen-containing waste in the blood?

The condition characterized by the accumulation of nitrogen-containing waste in the blood is uremia. Uremia occurs when the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products from the blood, leading to the buildup of compounds such as urea and creatinine. This typically results from impaired kidney function, which can arise from chronic or acute renal failure.

In chronic renal failure, the gradual loss of kidney function can eventually lead to uremia, but it is not exclusively defined by the presence of nitrogenous waste in the blood at any given moment. Acute renal failure can also lead to uremia, but it is not the defining characteristic of acute renal failure. Oliguria refers to a condition where urine output is reduced but doesn't directly indicate an accumulation of waste in the blood itself.

Thus, the term uremia specifically refers to the state of having elevated levels of waste products in the bloodstream due to kidney dysfunction, making it the most accurate choice regarding the question asked.