How does the formation of arteriosclerosis typically occur?

The formation of arteriosclerosis occurs primarily through the accumulation of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers in the arterial wall. This process involves several steps, including injury to the endothelium (the inner lining of the blood vessels), which can be caused by various factors such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and inflammation. Following this endothelial injury, smooth muscle cells migrate from the media layer of the arterial wall to the intima layer, where they proliferate and produce extracellular matrix components, including collagen. Over time, this accumulation leads to thickening and hardening of the arterial walls, resulting in arteriosclerosis.

This pathological process significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases by narrowing the arteries and reducing blood flow, which can lead to serious complications, such as heart attacks or strokes.